karinezag Sport

Cryotherapy Models and Timing-Sequence Recovery of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners.

par SFCCE | 2020 | Publication Sport

Context: Among sports-recovery methods, cold-water immersion (CWI), contrast-water therapy (CWT), and whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) have been applied widely to enhance recovery after strenuous exercise. However, the different timing effects in exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) after these recovery protocols remain unknown.

Objective: To compare the effects of CWI, CWT, and WBC on the timing-sequence recovery of EIMD through different indicator responses.

Design: Crossover study.
Setting: Laboratory.
Patients or other participants: Twelve male middle- and long-distance runners from the Beijing Sport University (age = 21.00 ± 0.95 years).

Intervention(s): Participants were treated with different recovery methods (control [CON], CWI, CWT, WBC) immediately postexercise and at 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise.

Main outcome measure(s): We measured perceived sensation using a visual analog scale (VAS), plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) activity, and vertical-jump height (VJH) pre-exercise, immediately postexercise, and at 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours postexercise.

Results: For the VAS score and CK activity, WBC exhibited better timing-sequence recovery effects than CON and CWI (P < .05), but the CWT demonstrated better effects than CON (P < .05). The CRP activity was lower after WBC than after the other interventions (P < .05). The VJH was lower after WBC than after CON and CWI (P < .05).

Conclusions: The WBC positively affected VAS, CK, CRP, and VJH associated with EIMD. The CWT and CWI also showed positive effects. However, for the activity and timing-sequence effect, CWT had weaker effects than WBC.

Qu, C, Wu, Z, Xu, M, Qin, F, Dong, Y, Wang, Z, Zhao, J. (2020)

Full Article : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32160058/

karinezag Sport

Circulating soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) after exercise-induced muscular damage: Does the use of whole-body cryostimulation influence its concentration in blood?

par SFCCE | 2019 | Publication Sport

As soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) was recently hypothesized to be a key player in the mechanisms involved in exercise-induced muscular damage (EIMD), we investigated its circulating concentration changes in athletes before and after EIMD with and without the use of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC; 3 min at -110 °C) at the exercise end and repeated once a day during 4 days. We previously characterized plasma specimens from 11 endurance athletes who performed twice (randomized crossover design) strenuous running leading to EIMD, followed by passive recovery or WBC. Muscle soreness and inflammatory response were observed in both cases but the use of WBC induced a significant reduction in these responses (PlosOne 2011; 6:e22748). We now found that sICAM-1 concentration slightly increased in both circumstances and remained elevated for 24 h (p < 0.01). However, no significant WBC effect was observed concerning sICAM-1 changes indicating that this compound is not a major player both in EIMD and WBC physiological impacts.

Bieuzen, F, Hausswirth, C, Dugué, B. (2019)

Full Article :  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30707962/ 

karinezag Sport

Whole-body cryotherapy (-110 °C) following high-intensity intermittent exercise does not alter hormonal, inflammatory or muscle damage biomarkers in trained males.

par SFCCE | 2019 | Publication Sport

Purpose: This study examined the acute effects of a single session of Whole-body Cryotherapy (WBC) following severe intermittent running exercise on biomarkers of inflammation, muscle damage and stress.

Methods: Endurance-trained males (n = 11) were tested twice using a within-participant, balanced cross-over design that consisted of 5 × 5 min of high-intensity running (HIR) followed by either 3 min of WBC at -110 °C or a passive control condition (CON). Before the HIR and after 60 min of recovery a ramp-test was completed. At seven time points up to 24 hrs post exercise venous blood samples were analyzed for serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), c-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), myoglobin, cortisol, and testosterone.

Results: HIR induced significant increases in all biomarkers except sICAM-1 in both recovery conditions, respectively. Compared to the CON condition WBC did not attenuate exercise- induced changes in IL-6, IL-10, sICAM-1, myoglobin, cortisol, testosterone or their ratio. Increased levels of cortisol following exercise were negatively correlated with subsequent running performance in both conditions (WBC: r = -0.61, p = 0.04; CON: r = -0.64, p = 0.04).

Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the postulated physiological mechanisms by which WBC is proposed to improve recovery, i.e. reductions in inflammation and muscle damage, may not be accurate.

Krueger, M, Costello, JT, Achtzehn, ST, Dittmar, KH, Mester. J (2019).

Full Article :  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30031682/ 

karinezag Sport

The Impact of Recovery Practices Adopted by Professional Tennis Players on Fatigue Markers According to Training Type Clusters.

par SFCCE | 2020 | Publication Sport

Introduction: Modern tennis players face congested schedules that force the adoption of various recovery strategies. Thus, recovery must be fine-tuned with an accurate quantification of its impacts, especially with regards to training-induced fatigue. The present study aimed to examine the training type clusters and recovery practices adopted by elite tennis players under ecological training conditions. The respective impacts of training type clusters and recovery techniques on subjective variables, which reflect the players’ recovery perceptions, were subsequently determined. Methods: During 15 consecutive months, a total of 35 elite tennis players filled out questionnaires to report their daily training load, training session content, adopted recovery modalities after training, and perceived recovery. Results: The hierarchical analysis identified three clusters: “combined tennis and S&C training,” “predominant tennis training” and “predominant S&C training.” Muscle soreness and perceived fatigue were not significantly different among these three clusters (p = 0.07-0.65). Across the 146 recorded training and recovery sessions, players primarily employed a combination of 2 or 3 modalities, with cooling strategies being the most widely used technique (87.6%). Mixed linear models revealed that independent of training clusters, cooling strategies significantly reduced muscle soreness (Δmuscle soreness: β = -1.00, p = 0.02). Among the cooling techniques used, whole-body cryotherapy induced a greater perceived recovery than cold-water immersion (p = 0.02). Conclusion: These results showed that perceived recovery was not sensitive to training clusters or the associated acute training load. However, cooling strategies were relevant for the alleviation of tennis training-induced soreness. This study represents an initial step toward a periodized approach of recovery interventions, based on the interactions between training load, training contents, and perceived recovery.

Poignard, M, Guilhem, G, de Larochelambert, Q, Montalvan, B, Bieuzen, F. (2020)

Full Article :  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33345098/